A dozen people are comfortably
seated around a living room or meeting room, one speaking, several others looking like
they would like to make a point, one skimming an article as if searching for a particular
item, another scanning the group, and the others listening attentively. This is a study
circle in action.
A study circle is made up of 5C20 people who agree
to meet together several times to learn about a social or political issue in a democratic
and collaborative way. Complex issues are broken down into manageable subdivisions, and
controversial topics are dealt with in depth. While single-session programs can result in
meaningful and productive dialogue, multiple sessions generate continuity and camaraderie
within the group. Reading material serves to catalyze the discussion and provides a common
reference point.
Philosophy and background
As an informal, practical, and effective method for
adult learning and social change, the study circle is rooted in the civic movements of
19th century America, and the use of study circles and similar small-group discussion
programs is growing rapidly in the United States and many other places around the world.
Study circles are voluntary and highly
participatory. They assist participants in confronting challenging issues and in making
difficult choices. Study circles engage citizens in public and organizational concerns,
bringing the wisdom of ordinary people to bear on difficult issues. Cooperation and
participation are stressed so that the group can capitalize on the experience of all its
members.
The study circle is small-group democracy in action;
all viewpoints are taken seriously and each participant has an equal opportunity to
participate. The process C democratic discussion among equals C is as
important as the content.
Roles
The study circle leader is vital to
the group's success. The leader makes sure the discussion is lively but focused. He or she
models respectful listening and encourages participants to share their knowledge,
experiences, and opinions. Some people find it helpful to share leadership tasks with a
co-moderator.
The study circle organizer C who
may be the same person as the leader C selects the reading material, recruits
participants, arranges the logistics for the meetings, and chooses the discussion leader.
Participants, whose commitment and
interest are essential for a study circle's success, ultimately "own" the study
circle. Their clear understanding of both their role and the leader's role helps create a
democratic and collaborative environment.
Goals
The goal of a study circle is to deepen
participants' understanding of an issue by focusing on the values that underlie opinions.
Perhaps the most important question a study circle leader can ask is: "What
experiences or beliefs might lead decent and caring people to support that point of
view?" The group works through difficult issues and grapples with the choices that
society or their organization is facing. Study circles seek "common
ground" C that is, areas of general agreement C but consensus or
compromise is not necessary.
Study circles differ from typical meetings in that
they do not begin with a specific desired outcome. Deliberation is the goal.
However, study circles often lead to social and political action, both by individual
participants and by the group. In the final session, leaders may encourage participants to
share information about what is going on in their community or organization and to discuss
action they might take after the study circle ends.
Suitability to a variety of organizations
Churches and synagogues, civic and community groups,
businesses, advocacy organizations, schools, and unions have all used study circles to
help their members consider vital issues. Sponsorship of study circles provides
opportunities for members to gain knowledge, empowerment, and improved communication
skills in an enjoyable and challenging setting.
Variations on the basic format
There are many variations to the basic format for a
study circle. Though ideal study circles meet once a week for at least three sessions,
other schedules can also work well. Some groups may want to combine a study circle with
their regular monthly meetings. For those groups that cannot meet regularly, a workshop
format can be used at a conference or a retreat, with the entire study circle taking place
in one or two days.
Videotapes or audiotapes as well as written material
can be used to spark discussion. Small-group activities and exercises are included in some
study circles to add variety to the sessions.
The strength of the study circle is its flexibility.
Every group's situation is unique, and study circle organizers are encouraged to adapt the
basic format to the needs and goals of their community or organization. |